In the 1970s, the sport of ultrarunning received very little attention in the mainstream media. In April 1974, Park Barner from Pennsylvania, the top ultrarunner in America at the time, did appear on a local television show. The episode was entitled, “The Loneliness of the Ultra-Distance Runner.” He also later was on CBS’s PM Magazine. But the ultrarunners who really succeeded in getting the attention of the public were those who rarely participated in formal races and instead put on endurance stunts that were attention-grabbers.
The most prominent runners had the help of skilled marketing resources to keep their name in the spotlight. Their goal was not to go after sanctioned records or even formal course records. Instead, they focused mostly on getting their name into the Guinness Book of World Records to claim invented “world records,” which are what we call today “fastest known times.” Because the most elite ultrarunners in the world were not self-promoters, they remained in general obscurity except among their ultrarunning competitors and clubs. It was the self-promoter record-seekers who truly became famous.
Two of these individuals who caught the attention of the American public in the mid-1970s were Max Telford of New Zealand and Alan Jones, a marine from Iowa, who was stationed in Oregon. Telford was touted as being the greatest long-distance runner in the world and Jones became known as “Captain America.” Both ran 100 miles and both their stories are fascinating and inspirational. It is believed that neither went down the fraudulent road as many other self-promoters did.
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Max Telford
Max Telford (1936-) was from Scotland, New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Philippines. He was a legitimate elite ultrarunner who sought out amazing running adventures to be the first or the fastest. He did race in some legitimate competitive races, but never really competed against the best in the world. Instead, he did many successful solo stunts and self-promotions, working with sponsors who at times made “over the top” claims about his abilities. He greatly inspired others to run. He had ambitions “to become the greatest long distance runner of all time” and many people of his time believed he was.
Telford grew up in Scotland. He went to work in the clothing industry and played rugby and soccer when serving in the military. After moving to New Zealand in 1958, when he was 22 years old, he joined the Mount Albert Athletic Club to get into shape for rugby season. He enjoyed running and did pretty well, so he decided to stick with it.
Telford first ran middle distances and cross-country. He trained with legendary Arthur Lydiard’s group of middle and long-distance athletes. Lydiard was recognized as one of the greatest coaches of all time and credited for popularizing the sport of running. On May 2, 1964, Telford gave a try at running 100 miles, and set a New Zealand 100-mile record of 14:58:36. At the age of 32, when Telford didn’t qualify for the Mexico Olympics in 1968, he discussed with Lydiard what he should do next and decided to move up to ultra-distances. To get in his miles, he would put in an eight-hour shift at work and then go run 30 miles. At the peak for his ultra training, he would run three times per day and run 200-mile weeks.
Telford said, “I quickly found I could run incredibly long distances with no strain really. I stood up to it very well, and soon was covering 50 miles, then 100.” In April 1970, he ran for 24 hours on Lovelock Trick in Auckland and reached 114 miles. Around 1971 he quit his job in the clothing business to run full-time and do physical fitness instruction. He became the first to run length of New Zealand’s North Island, 717 miles. That brought him some fame and started him on the road to do attention-getting, inspiring running stunts.
Transcontinental Run Attempt
In 1972, at the age 36, Telford attempted to break the record running across American from Los Angeles to New York. The record was believed to be 64 days set in 1969 by Britain’s European champion, Bruce Tulloch. Telford had been training hard, running to work 18 miles, doing a five-mile lunch run, and then running back home in the evening for a long 41 miles. He said about his transcontinental plans, “I plan to make the run in 50-55 days which means averaging 55 miles each day. I will need to run eight hours every day and don’t plan on having any days off.” His schedule was to start at 6 a.m. every day and run ten miles before breakfast, then run twenty more before lunch. He was accompanied by a manager who crewed him in a camper mounted on a Jeep pickup truck provided by American Motors.
Telford was to start his run on April 22, 1972 from the Los Angeles city hall dressed in a shirt with LA-NEWYORK on his chest. Sustacal, a nutritional product (similar to Ensure), sponsored the run. Cities looked forward to his arrival. Unfortunately, either he did not actually start, or he did not make it.
Telford had lost his 1964 New Zealand 100 mile record to Dennis Stephenson and wanted it back. On May 26, 1973, he reclaimed it by running it in 14:03:58 in Auckland, New Zealand on a track. He also had good 50-mile speed, posting his life-time best of 5:57 set on April 7, 1973 at New Brighton 50.
Going After “Records”
In 1974, before the formal Sydney to Melbourne race was established, Telford set the fastest known time, 660 miles in nine days, three hours, and 26 minutes, beating the previous fastest known time by more than 29 hours.
That year he tried to get his name into the Guinness Book of World Records for a “non-stop” running record of 131 miles in 22.5 hours, which was far off Ron Bentley’s 161-mile 24-hour record. This new “non-stop” confusing record, eventually in the book, allowed record-seekers to stop five minutes each hour. He chose a very flat road section to run on. “I knew I would have to run at night sometime, and since it’s a lot harder running in the dark, I wanted to run at night early when I still had my wits about me. So, I took off at 3 p.m.” He broke the former “world record” at 121 miles. “Once you get to a world record, all the body want to do is stop. But I wanted to add 10 miles to the record, so that the next guy would have to work a little.”
Death Valley Run
Telford wanted to break Australian Bill Emmerton’s three-day mark running Death Valley end-to-end. One problem, that crazy record was hard to keep track us and the rangers no longer were tracking it. Emmerton no longer held the record (see episode 62). Telford prepared by running on a treadmill in a sauna in Auckland, New Zealand. He crushed the one-way record by about 15 hours, finishing the 111-mile distance in 19 hours. The temperature ranged from 90 degrees down to freezing at night.
The Death Valley runner snobs in America who didn’t want to see their records broken, sneered at his accomplishment, and said he did it wrong because he ran in the winter. So, Telford made plans to return and planned to really show them, by running a double end-to-end Death Valley in the July heat, and purposely finish on America’s Independence Day.
Grand Canyon Double Crossing
Telford, age 41, came to the US two weeks prior to this Death Valley attempt and decided to also do a double crossing of the Grand Canyon. He used it as a tune-up run for his Death Valley run. He said of the Canyon, “When I first saw it, I was overwhelmed. The switchback trail was only 3-6 feet wide, very stony, very dangerous.” The Grand Canyon park rangers were thrilled and told him that a double crossing had never been done before. (But it had, see Episode 47). As Telford was coming back up out of the canyon, the rangers told the tourists what was happening, and several hundred people cheered when he finished with a very impressive time of 8:34. It was a new fastest known time.
Death Valley Double Crossing
In July 1976, Telford attempted his Death Valley Run. The temperature got up to about 125 degrees in the shade. “My wife, Doris, who was in the van, broke an egg on the road and it fried in a matter of seconds. I’d toss her my steaming shoes and she’d catch them like hot potatoes, then hand me a cold pair from the fridge.” A ranger support vehicles blew out four radiators along the way. He developed bad blisters at 100 miles, considered quitting, but once he reached Scotty’s Castle, he was determined to continue back.
He succeeded in running across Death Valley and back (Shoshone to Scotty’s Castle), a distance of about 222 miles in 73 hours, finishing as planned on July 4th. When he finished, he wept, something his wife had never seen him do before after a running effort. He explained that he had never been to hell and back before. Of the adventure, Telford said, “I drank 10 gallons of water without once relieving myself and still lost 10 pounds. It took me six weeks to recover.”
“Non-stop” Running Record
In October 1976, Telford flew to Hawaii. He was there to attempt to better his “non-stop” running “world record” by running around the perimeter of the island of Oahu. He was sponsored by Avis and succeeded in his quest, and the stunt was covered by a local radio station. He fascinated the Hawaii public who wanted to know more about him. He said, “I don’t smoke, but enjoy a beer and am a rather hearty eater with a preference for steak and eggs. On a non-stop run, I eat a special food called Sustagen, a nutritional powder dissolved in water which I take every 10 miles from special bottles.” He duped the press into believing he was a different breed of ultrarunner. They wrote, “He’s one of the few ultradistance runners who believes in the theory of eating while running.” That claim was of course, silly. Ultrarunners had been eating on the run for more than 100 years.
Telford successfully raised his Guinness record to 134 miles in 21 hours. He had hoped to continue further to 200 miles but the humidity sapped more of his strength than expected. He said, “The thing that made it tough was the heat and the sun. I was like a red lobster when I finished in 21 hours. It was an amazing experience.” He only stopped for a total of 30 minutes of rest during his “non-stop” record. His sponsor, Avis, was thrilled and rewarded him with a $500 solar watch. A few months later in 1977, Telford continued pursuing his “nonstop” running record and ran 186 miles on Maui in 31:33:38 and did set a world’s fastest known time for a road 300 km.
World’s Greatest Ultrarunner?
Telford claimed that he held 12 world records for long distance running. He was being touted by the media as “the world’s greatest long-distance runner” because his name was in the Guinness Book of World Records. He did not hold any traditional ultrarunning world records. His records were all what we now call “fastest known times,” most of them just untried by anyone else. He was elite, but not the greatest of his time.
The difference was that he had professional marketing helping him put the spotlight on him. Stunts interested the public more than runners circling courses. Those who truly knew who were the best, were interested to see him compete against Park Barner of Pennsylvania on the C&O Canal towpath in Maryland (See episode 51). He did not. Instead, Telford worked to increase his fame in Hawaii by giving presentations and showing his new 50-minute film, “Into the Valley of Death,” charging admission. The film was later picked up by ABC television and shown nationwide.
1977 24-hour Run
Finally, Telford decided to go after a real ultrarunning record, Ron Bentley’s 161-mile 24-hour record (see episode 65). But unfortunately, Telford did not choose to compete in a certified race against competition. Instead he set up his own publicity event at Hawaii Kai Recreation Center on a four-mile road loop along a highway. He said, “It’s a good course. The terrain is flat.” He discussed his strategy. “I will try to average 7-8 miles per hour as long as I am able. I am one of the few distance runners who can eat and drink while running with no ill effects. The most difficult time I expect will be the early morning hours. That’s when my body tells me it’s time to go to bed but it knows that it can’t. You simply must keep your mind clear of such thoughts and trudge on.”
Telford, age 41, gave it a good effort and started at 10 a.m. on January 15, 1977. He hoped to continue past 24 hours and go after Park Barner’s 300 km time accomplished on the C&O Canal Towpath in 1974 (see episode 51). He was paced 100 miles by Master Gunnery Sergeant Tom Knoll of the Marines. Cindy Dalrymple of the University of Hawaii also ran 44 miles with him. Telford ended up running an impressive 155 miles in 24 hours and stopped at that point because he said he was too tired. “Telford said he was a little leg weary when it was all over, but instead of going to bed, he sat down to a breakfast of pancakes.”
Run Across Canada
Later in 1977, Telford accomplished his “greatest adventure,” A run from Anchorage, Alaska, across Canada, to Nova Scotia, 5,110 miles in 106 days. He compared it equal in magnitude “as the climb up Mt. Everest.” It was sponsored by the Canadian Broadcasting Corp for a TV production. Along the way, he was chased by a bear in the Yukon. He said, “The bear came out of the woods near the highway and just started to jog along behind me. It was pretty scary.” He was saved when a truck came along and distracted the animal. In Quebec he was arrested by a policeman for running on a highway. After being brought to the police station, hearing how far he was running, they laughed and let him go.
Telford was referred to as the “Super Marathon Man” but didn’t get much attention in Canada. People in the towns did not pour out for autographs. He said, “We tried to encourage local runners as we travel across the country, but they weren’t keen for it.” One of his greatest challenges along the way was battling depression. “It gets you down. The body gets tired, and one part of your mind says stop, and the other part says keep going.” He claimed that his run set a world record for the “longest run ever.” It was not. In 1974, a runner ran further from Turkey to India but Telford’s daily average was significantly higher and very impressive.
Riding his Fame
In 1978, Telford went on promotional tours and claimed to “hold more world running records than anyone else.” The press called him the “premier ultra-marathoner in the world.”
He told of big plans to run the Alaska Pipeline, the Great Wall of China, and from Chiro, Egypt to Jerusalem. None of those runs ended up taking place. He did later run in some legitimate races in Hawaii, and in 1979 won a 100-miler in 13:53. He said, “I was secretly hoping to break 13 hours, but I was bothered by blisters which resulted from the rain. What’s important is that I won the race.” He said that he wanted to be “Number One” in ultrarunning. His 100-mile time was about the seventh fastest for 1979 in the world and about two hours slower than the world record. In 1981 he ran Western States 100 and finished 30th with a time of 22:26.
In 1982, Telford finally raced head-to-head against one of America’s best, Park Barner in a 200-mile road race held in New Jersey called the Johnny Salo 200, in honor of the legendary ultrarunner of the 1920s (See episode 31). The 200-miler was organized by Ed Dodd and Dan Brannen going from High Point to Cape May. Telford and Barner were the favorites, expected to finish in about 36 hours. They both took the early lead. But after 70 miles, Barner dropped out when he was three hours behind Telford. But by mile 100, Telford also dropped out with what he said were “the worst thigh pains I have ever experienced.” Brannen went on to win in 61:15:18.
Telford moved to Hawaii where he was loved and started promoting a line of running clothes and equipment. He also became a professional running coach. Hawaii at that time was a running mecca. There were more runners per capita than any other state. He felt that the time had come to reap monetary benefits from his fame. The Hawaii newspaper promoted that Telford was running each weekday morning at 6:00 a.m. with some new running shoes he was promoting.
Telford continued for the next decade to do creative journey runs, accomplishing various mountain firsts, ran in a few real races, and successfully cashed in on his fame with some good publicity management help. In 2011, at the age of 75, Telford was inducted into Scottish Borders Hall of Fame. He said, “Running consumed my life. I’ve been running for 50 years and there’s no reason for me to keep running anymore but I still run every day. Running is part of my lifestyle. If I can’t run, I’m really irritable.” In 2016 he said he had run more than 180,000 lifetime miles. In 2020, Max Telford was 84 and living in the Philippines where he owns six hairdressing salons.
Alan Jones – Captain America
Alan Michael Jones “Captain America” (1947-1990) was from LeMars, Iowa. As a five-year-old child, he was stricken by polio, which left his right leg slightly shorter than his left. As a boy he was fascinated with the movie, “Sands of Iwo Jima” which he watched twice a day for a week, and then dreamed of becoming a marine.
When he was 17, he suffered a serious back injury when he got hurt jumping over a parking meter. A doctor told him to look forward to a lifetime desk job. But Jones would not accept that advice and worked hard to become a very fit athlete.
In 1964, Jones became an exchange student in Norway. There, he became acquainted with the sport of orienteering and became an avid participant. He attended the University of South Dakota, where he participated in sports as a gymnast and swimmer, but was not particularly outstanding. After college, in 1969, Jones went into the Marine Corps and served in Vietnam where he earned a Bronze Star and Purple Heart. “He was on a river boat patrol that got ambushed. As he reached shore, a round of mortar hit about 10 yards from where he was, lifted him five feet in the air and flipped him over a couple times. Jones received shrapnel wounds in both legs and in his right arm.”
While serving, he was a stand-out athlete. In 1972 he was selected out of 10,000 men to represent the Marines in an honorary position at the 1972 Olympics at Munich, Germany. He loved associating with the athletes and came back feeling he could become as good as they were.
Feats of Endurance
In 1972, Jones became a recruiting captain in Oregon. “Behind his desk in the recruiting office, Jones looks a bit like the guy who gets sand kicked in his face at the beach: He’s 5-foot-4, 150 pounds, fair skin, regulation hair. But he says the things he does are easier than they might seem If your body is warmed up and your attitude is right, he says, nearly anything is possible.”
Each day starting at 5:30 a.m., he would four miles to a pool in Vancouver, Washington where he swam a mile. He then would run several miles to his office in downtown Portland, Oregon. After work, he would run another 4-8 miles, do 1,000 sit-ups and workout with weights. He said, “I guess I take 30-40 vitamin pills a day. I don’t eat much during the day and have a medium sized meal after my last workout. Every now and then somebody pushes a beer under my nose. But, of course, I don’t smoke.” In early 1974 Jones organized and won the “Portland Pentathalon” which consisted of a 37-mile bike ride to Mount Hood, a 24-mile swim, a 13-mile run, 1,000 sit-ups, and a weight-lifting workout.
He took part with nine other Marines in a three-man relay run, 310 miles across the Oregon in 41 hours to raise money for the Special Olympics. A few months later he swam 45 miles in 14 hours down the Columbia River. He previously swam 30 miles down the Missouri River. During his swims, boaters, unable to figure what a man was doing in the middle of the river and not headed for either shore, had tried to rescue him. Once the Coast Guard was called.
In 1974, at age 27, Jones captured the imagination of Oregon and the rest of the country as he went on to accomplish some continued impressive endurance feats. First, he swam 100 miles down the Columbia River in 35 hours, 30 hours in the water. He started at 5:30 a.m., at The Dalles, wearing a wetsuit and accompanied by a boatload of Marines. He carried with him bottles of honey, karo syrup and vegetable juice. He said, “I watched the scenery, fish and boats go by. Some of the people on the boats thought I was drowning and wanted to rescue me, but I waved them off.”
He was clearly a stunt artist but claimed that he was just trying to promote physical fitness. He said, “I promote the physical conditioning provided in the Marine Corps, raise money for charity, and I do it for personal satisfaction.” But he also admitted that his efforts were to attract attention to Marine Corps recruiting. “There is a lack of incentive, or draft pressure in what we call the all-volunteer environment. And we just don’t have the advertising budget the other services have.”
Jones set his sights to break a series of “records” in the Guinness Book of World Records. The Marine Corp. publicity organization was successfully able to get various new stories about him published nationwide, increasing his fame.
On August 18, 1974, Jones did 27,003 sit-ups “nonstop” at the Jantzen Beach Center in Salem, Oregon in 28 hours and 50 minutes beating a former record of 25,220. He performed in front of an audience and the proceeds for the event went to the Oregon Lung Association. Along the way he sipped on Karo syrup and Gatorade. He only stopped for bathroom visits. He pumped for 29 hours, averaging about 900 per hour and did 600 during the last 15 minutes.
This started a long career to get his name in the stunt book. He next lifted half of his 150-pound body weight for 19 hours and 40 minutes, pushing it up 1,602 times, totaling 60 tons. To close out 1974, he ran 199 miles in one stretch, through a raging rainstorm from Pendleton to Portland, Oregon, to commemorate the Marines’ 199th birthday and benefiting the Oregon Lung Association again.
On February 2, 1975, Jones claimed to set a world record for sinking the most basketball free throws, 3,802, in 12 hours. He also set a record by skipping rope 48,010 times. His commanding officer said Jones was “undoubtedly one of the fittest men alive.”
That summer he swam 500 miles down the Snake and Columbia Rivers from Idaho to the Oregon coast in 11 days, taking breaks at night. He followed the last leg of the historic Lewis and Clark Expedition. On the last day a shift in the tide slowed him down and he had to do some zigzagging because of freighters steaming up the Columbia. During his journey he was accompanied by a couple of marines in a 21-foot sailboat. Despite the day-by-day news coverage, only $1,000 was raised for charity.
In November 1975, he skipped rope 200,000 times in 24 hours and swam for 150 “continuous” hours in a pool at the University of Oregon to raise $6,000 for the swim team. He took breaks up to a half hour and experienced “enjoyable hallucinations” seeing castles and pirate ships along the way.” The money raised help send swimmers to the NCAA championships.
He said, “I’m usually not in too much pain when I do these things. I’m sure it appears that way sometimes. I’ve committed myself to living like this.” He spoke to about 200 gatherings and meetings each year. He was transferred by the Marines to Quantico, Virginia to head up physical fitness.
Swimming down the Mississippi River
For his greatest stunt, Jones, at age 29, attempted to swim 800 miles down the Mississippi River, He started on May 24, 1976, at St. Anthony Falls, Minnesota. His wife and sister drove along the river in a van providing him support at rest stops and overnight stays. Wayne Thompson from Portland, Oregon, also swam with him. The swimming trek was covered in newspapers all over the country.
After 400 miles, Jones reported, “We’ve received a few minor sores from the river, but otherwise no big effects from the pollution. We continually have to get out of the way of barges and sometimes boaters come out to ‘save us.’” Continuing on, Jones suffered from severe skin infections and was unable to bend one leg. After 22 days, Jones quit the swim after 700 miles at St. Louis, Missouri, because he had to get back to the Marines. Thompson continued all the way to New Orleans, swimming 1,700 miles.
100-mile Run
On December 22, 1976, Jones, age 29, started a 100-mile run, hoping to finish in less than 24 hours. He picked for this route to run from Fort Dodge in Iowa to historic Gardner Cabin at Lake Okoboji, at Pillsbury Point. He wanted to retrace the journey of an 1857 rescue party that came to the aid of victims from a Sioux Indian attack. The Sioux were seeking revenge for the murder of the brother of their chief. The tragic event became known as the Spirit Lake Massacre. About 30-40 settlers in small settlement were killed and a militia was sent to the lake through terrible winter weather to provide relief. The relief party rescued some children who survived the massacre, but on their return trip, they encountered a spring blizzard and many died.
Jones had always wanted to run the route, but had only considered doing it non-stop six months earlier. He started his run in fierce winds of up to 35 m.p.h. and was crewed by his wife and parents who gave him liquids every four or five hours. He fueled on cream of mushroom soup and a mixture of tea and honey. He said that he never ate solids and explained the run’s purpose. “The idea was to promote physical fitness, maybe to get some other folks out there jogging.”
It was reported, “Jones had intended to follow major roads from Fort Dodge to the site of the Massacre, but was forced into using backroads due to heavy traffic, trouble with dogs, and having people mistake him for a hitchhiker and try to pick him up. Strong winds also gave him trouble.” Jones succeeded, finished in 23 and a half hours, and was anxious to take a hot bath.
Captain America
A reporter from a national magazine went to do a story on Jones one day. He saw the nameplate on this desk that read, “Capt. A.M. Jones,” and asked what the “A.M.” stood for. A sergeant nearby said, “Captain America.” The name stuck.
Jones soon retired from the Marines, and went on to live a life of performing amazing stunts. He was usually only paid for his expenses. On the Jerry Lewis telethon he lifted 260,000 pounds in 15 hours. During the winter in 1978 he marched across Iowa carrying a flagpole with flags of the United States and the state of Iowa. He finished that walk by plunging into the icy Mississippi River. The same winter he followed it up by doing a 500 km cross-country ski from Sprit Lake, Iowa to LaCrosse, Wisconsin. That summer he dived 30 feet into a pit full of water and rattlesnakes in South Dakota in front of 2,000 spectators. His stunts continued on for years including swimming long distances handcuffed.
Jones gave out red, white, and blue business cards labeled “Have Guts, Will Travel.” He said, “Everything I do is a source of personal satisfaction. I think what I do can be a source of inspiration and motivation for young people too, to show them they can achieve higher goals and expand their perception of human potentiality. A German philosopher said, ‘If you would attempt the most difficult thing, you could imagine everything else would come easily.'” In the 1980s, Jones moved to Eugene, Oregon, and became the publicity director for Family Fitness Centers. He later moved to Denver, Colorado.
On June 2, 1990, Alan Jones was driving from Denver back home to Iowa. He took a detour off the freeway to visit with the parents of a friend who had served with him in Vietnam and was killed during the war. But Jones didn’t make it. “His car strayed off the two-lane road and hit a rut along the shoulder. As he attempted to regain control, the car evidently spun, then rolled twice, throwing him out.” Sadly, he was no wearing a seat belt. Alan Jones, age 43, was pronounced dead at the scene of the accident. His grieving father said, “Isn’t it tragic that after all the dangerous things Alan did, that he had to die that way?”
A marine who served with him wrote, “The things that Al did with his life are not at all surprising. He always pushed himself to the limit, but always would take the time to talk with you if you need some help or advice, or just to tell a joke.”