Ultrarunning Stranger Things: Steve Brodie, New York Newsboy

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By Davy Crockett

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The 19^th century ultrarunner was a different breed of athlete compared to those today who participate in the sport. A large number of those early runners were not necessarily the most outstanding citizens. For the vast majority, the motivation for participating was not to see what they could personally accomplish running long distances. They were primarily motivated by greed and gaining fame. It should not be too surprising that many were involved in wild free-spending lifestyles, scandals, illegal activities, and run-ins with the law.

A pattern emerged for many of the most successful ultrarunners of the 1800s. They would quickly gain fame and build up a massive fortune, only to come crashing down a few years later through their own mismanagement, dishonesty, and huge egos. Even the most famous pedestrian of all, Edward Payson Weston, blew through his money, filed for bankruptcy, and was criticized for abandoning his family at times. In this episode, the story of seventeen-year-old Steve Brodie of New York City is a case study of one who gained fame and fortune ultrarunning but treated many people terribly along the way and eventually used fraud to revive his fame. The American vernacular term “do a Brodie” meaning taking a bad risk, or experiencing a complete failure/flop, came about because of Steve Brodie, the New York Newsboy Pedestrian.

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Stephen Brodie, (1861-1901) “the New York Newsboy,” was the son of Richard and Mary Brodie of New York City. Richard was a member of the Bowery Boys street gang that menaced the city in the Bowery neighborhood in Lower Manhattan. The gang was an anti-Catholic, anti-Irish, and a somewhat criminal gang. The uniform of a Bowery Boy generally consisted of a stovepipe hat, a red shirt, and dark trousers tucked into boots.

Richard was murdered shortly after Steve was born in 1861. The Bowery Boys reached the height of their power in 1863 taking part in looting much of New York Citty during the New York Draft Riots. Steve’s older brothers were groomed for the gang at a young age.

Steve Brodie was the youngest of seven children. Instead of attending school, Steve worked as a child selling newspapers starting at the age of six. His older brothers constantly beat him and took his hard-earned money. At age nine, he moved out of his poverty-stricken home and moved into a boy’s home and later went to live in a newsboy lodging house.

Newsboy

The career was a newsboy was explained, “You had to sell newspapers every day, or else your risked becoming homeless. You fought for street corners and fought to protect your property. Men robbed the boys and older boys robbed the younger boys.” In his late teens, he led his own gang of newsboys. “He won the friendship of everyone he came in contact. He became acquainted with people of many classes, brokers, capitalists, lawyers, newspaper men, athletes, sporting men, actors, cranks, crooks, bums, and all the various kind of humanity that united to make New York an inexhaustible field for the student of mankind.”

Brodie was a strong and daring swimmer who became a member of the Life Saving Corps organized on the East River front. As a youth he was credited for making many rescues including two women who fell of an excursion barge.

Brodie’s First Ultra

In February 1879, at the age of 17, Brodie made his first attempt to break into the sport of Pedestrianism. The New York Daily Herald took notice. “Pedestrianism has wrought its way into the favor of the upper circles of newsboydom, as was proven last evening by the commencement of the feat, proposed by Master Stephen Brodie, of walking 90 miles in 24 hours. The sawdust track of more than 20 laps to the mile was laid down in the gymnasium of the Newsboys’ Lodging House, in New Chambers Street, and duly measured.” He was described as five feet seven inches and weighing 125 pounds. Brodie felt ready but had only trained by occasionally walking from the newsboys lodge to Macomb’s Dam Bridge over the Harlem River, a distance of about nine miles.

Newsboys’ Boardinghouse located on New Chambers Street.

Brodie’s walk began at 7 p.m. on February 16, 1879. His first mile was completed in nine minutes, and he reached five miles in 52 minutes. His older brothers watched and were impressed. Two other newsboys did their best to keep track of the laps. Brodie fueled on beef tea, toast, and fried eggs. After five hours, because of a long rest of about an hour, he had only reached 22 miles. As he began again, as typical with rookie ultrarunners, he experienced his first trouble with nausea, requiring him to rest again. Eventually he settled down and started walking again.

“He had been walking since the start in a pair of heavy, thick-soled brogans, and at 5:00 a.m. took them off and walked the rest of his journey in his stocking feet. He reached his 90-mile goal in 23:20 and then went off to bed. This feat has started the pedestrian fever among the newsboys, and a number commenced training, walking round the floor in the reading room.”

Brodie Becomes a Star

Brodie quickly became a youthful pedestrian star in New York City. Next, in early March 1879, he attempted to walk 250 miles in 75 hours at the Fifth Regiment Armory, a site of many ultra events that year. He didn’t succeed, but also didn’t give up. A couple of weeks later he walked 50 miles in 8:39:53 in front of 3,000 people at Eagle Hall, Hoboken, New Jersey.

Brodie’s First Six-day Race

With this success, Brodie was accepted to compete in the American Championship Belt six-day race at Gilmore’s Garden (Madison Square Garden), in New York City, April 14-19, 1879, with 40 runners. Because of his youth, he was a fan favorite and surprised the crowds of thousands with his bravery and received many floral gifts. Early on he said with a grin, “I’m feelin’ bully, an’ will do my best.”

He ran close to the frontrunners but started to look lame after the first day. “Brodie, the newsboy, was the picture of distress, and notwithstanding the opinion of his attendants that he was ‘tough and all right,’ it was evident that only their ignorance and his own pluck kept him moving around the track.” He found his groove and continued strong. The common joke people yelled at the newsboy was “Are they getting out new extras?” He was often seen chewing away at a large sandwich as he plodded along. His gait was described, “a very slouchy manner, with his head hanging forward and his arms swinging violently.”

By day three, the youngster was ”astonishing everyone.” He vowed to continue for the entire six days. He was a hero to all New York City newsboys. “Shivering newsboys, wet to the skin, stood in the half shelter of the building outside, inquiring eagerly of persons whom they supposed had just come from the inside. ‘How is Steve Brodie getting along?’”

By the final day, it was said that he was in the best condition of any of the eight runners who remained on the track. “Brodie, time and time again, ran around amid the cheers of the crowd.” He smartly would run around the track carrying a bundle of newspapers which he autographed and sold to the spectators at exorbitant prices. His friends solicited newspaper subscriptions for him in the crowds. For his six-day debut, he finished in a surprising 7^th place with 375 miles and then immediately started to issue challenges to elite pedestrians.

Brodie Wins in Philadelphia

Brodie only had a short rest and a week later competed in another six-day race in Philadelphia’s Concert Hall against four others. He took the early lead. “The newsboy, a little black-headed fellow, reminding one, as he bobs around, with his head bent forward, of a small rat-terrier. He digs along on a rapid walk for a while, when he will fall back and plod along slowly till about the time when everybody is looking for him to retire, for rest, when he astonishes all by breaking out on a dogtrot, shooting past all his competitors and keeping up that run for several miles.”

On day three he had the lead with 208 miles. With that lead, he started to use the strategy to dog the heels of his next competitor, Henry Lyons (known as “2 for 5”), a toothpick vendor, 13 miles behind, which made Lyons angry. “He grumbles and growls, and at one time stopped short to allow the newsboy to pass. Brodie, however, did not care to be in the lead and stopped also, compelling Lyons to go ahead. This created plenty of fun, and the crowd kept continually cheering one or the other of the pair.” By day five Brodie had extended his lead to a commanding 50 miles. Lyons dropped to third place “due to his own surly disposition and ill temper.” He would stop on the track and jaw with crowd, scolding them for applauding the newsboy. Brodie also showed a bad temper when he punched Lyons in the eye during an argument.

In the end, Brodie won with 390 miles, 82 miles ahead of the next runner. He won $500 valued at $14,800 today, a huge fortune for a young newsboy. “The lad was presented with a gold medal and watch and chain. He made a little speech. He was in excellent condition and is considered a promising pedestrian.”

Brodie Competes in a Farse

Brodie, who obviously was managed by others wanting to have a piece of his fortune, continued to seek out pedestrian opportunities for fast winnings. At the end of May 1879, he raced for 27 hours against two others at the Concert Hall in Philadelphia for $750. Brodie took the early lead. But when midnight arrived, it was obvious to the spectators that some collusion was taking place with Brodie and John J. Dickinson, agreeing to take long rests at the same time rather than really competing against each other.

Dickinson’s trainer was so disgusted that he threatened to quit, but Dickinson refused to be on the track without Brodie. “In the sporting parlance, it was a put-up job between Brodie and Dickinson, that they should come out even at the finish, and divide the gate money. Dickinson, however, broke down at 64 miles. The time and number of miles at the finish amount to nothing and are not worth recording.” Brodie did win with 95 miles. This event raised a sure red flag regarding Brodie’s lack of integrity.

The event must have been a financial success, because only a few days later Brodie was again the headliner for a 27-hour race at the same Philadelphia venue. Ten men started. “There were thin men and fat men, tall men and short men, young men and old men, and some of the men were boys, including a couple of newsboys.” Brodie’s fatigue finally caught up with his young body. He only managed 66 miles, finishing 5^th.

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Brodie in Boston

Brodie next took his talents to Boston, Massachusetts and competed in a 50-mile race against the famous pedestrian, Peter Van Ness (1853-1900) and Charles Edward Holske (1858-1940) a walker, for $50. Brodie lost, quitting after 40 miles when Holske had an insurmountable lead.

Brodie Goes to California

With his tail somewhat between his legs because of a string of losses, Brodie headed for California, hoping to compete against Frank Edwards, the recent winner of the Diamond Belt Six-day race with 371 miles. Edwards refused to accept Brodie’s challenge, so the newsboy was left to find a venue and event for him to attract interest in watching him run. He chose to attempt to cover 250 miles in 75 hours at Platts’ Hall in San Francisco. He failed to reach his promised goal again, reaching 223 miles.

Race Against Horses

Brodie next entered a six-day race at San Francisco’s Mechanic’s Pavilion against horses and riders. Five runners competed against six horses on a 12-foot-wide track. Each horse had to be ridden by only one man the entire distance. Brodie boasted that he would reach more than 400 miles.

The unique contest attracted thousands of spectators on the opening night, October 15, 1879. Pinafore, a gray gelding of eight years, was the favorite, ridden by John Levy. Brodie and Gus Guerrero took the early lead. “The newsboy and the Spaniard are the only walkers who stand a chance of scoring more miles than the horses.” But Brodie pushed hard. “Brodie challenged Controller’s driver to a race, which was accepted, and man and horse ran around together twice, the horse passing Brodie on the straight stretch and Brodie gaining on the turns. Controller won the sprint.” Brodie reached 100 miles in 23:13.

By the third day, betting turned against Brodie, predicting that he would not accomplish 400 miles and Pinafore had a 51-mile lead over the runners. It was speculated that the race was fixed, that Brodie went out fast on purpose to break Guerrero. After that it was thought that Brodie would give up on purpose, leaving the victory to the horses. But that theory did not pan out.

Brodie’s Vulgarity

But then it happened. “The ladies were out last night in nearly as large numbers, and we are particularly vexed that the boy Brodie, who seemed to be their favorite, should have taken it on himself to gratuitously insult them by his loud-mouthed obscenity and blasphemy. Mr. Brodie must bear in mind that he is not in the low Bowery Haunt, but in a place which the managers by the exertion of care and judgment have made, for the time being, a favorite resort for ladies. The repetition of any such conduct would have a disastrous effect on the success of any future exhibitions of pedestrianism.”

Brodie had been much annoyed by a crowd of men who leaned over the rail trash-talking him as he ran by. But then he passed that annoyance onto Guerrero by passing him, stopping and purposely dodging in front him as he came by to make him stumble. The crowd then really came down on Brodie and he replied with vulgarity. Many men yelled at him for his New York language. The hostilities toward Brodie and his vulgarity increased in “confusion and uproar.” Finally, a policeman threatened to get a warrant for his arrest if Brodie didn’t stop. He marched out of the building and came back and arrested Brodie for his vulgar language. He had to post $50 bail to be able to continue racing.

By the fourth day, Brodie reached 217 miles but was far behind his goal and behind Guerrero who reached 300 miles. Pinafore was running away with the contest with 405 miles. In the end Pinafore won with 557 miles. Brodie was second among the runners with a relative meager 262 miles to Guerrero’s 375.

Brodie’s Reputation takes a Dive

Brodie failed to appear in court, forfeited his $50 in bail and quickly left town. It was obvious that his very short successful pedestrian career of eight months was crumbling around him like a house of cards. The immature 17-year-old clearly didn’t have mature experienced men around him to help keep his temper in check and work on his public relations.

On his return to New York City, the next month, the hot-headed boy was arrested again. He and two companions became unruly at a restaurant. They were ordered to leave. “They refused, began a general assault on the waiters and threw a can of mustard over the proprietor.” At their trial, they were each fined $10. Brodie didn’t’ have the money with him, sent word to his backer in California for help, and in the meantime was locked up. Brodie’s running abilities faded, but his ability to get into trouble continued.

Brodie’s Pedestrian Career Ends

In February 1880, Brodie tried to revive his Pedestrian career by competing in a big six-day race (12 hours per day) at the Music Hall in Boston, Massachusetts. His first 12 hours were pathetic, reaching only 23 miles because of cramping. He was referred to by the press as “a lame duck,” and quickly withdrew in embarrassment. “This is not much, as his past record as a ped, with one exception, has not been of the most enviable. Beginning life as a newsboy, he still continues to base his calculations on paper.”

Brodie’s brief pedestrian career was over. He had accumulated $6,000 in winnings valued at $175,000 today. He married a wife, Bridget Breen, the daughter of a bankrupt steamship captain, and started a family, but quickly lost his fortune gambling on horses. He got a job as a streetcar conductor.

Brodie was still a hero among his Bowery Boys. In 1882 a building caught fire and Brodie saved several lives by climbing a telegraph pole and throwing a rope to people in the upper stories of the building. He was awarded a gold medal. He loved the fame, reward, and attention.

In 1883, Brodie was back in court and fined $300 for assaulting his brother, Dan “in a fight with some dull instrument.” In 1886 his two brothers got in a fight, were arrested and taken before the court. Brodie attended, and when his brother Dan saw him, he threatened to crush Steve’s skull. The judge heard that and sent Dan to prison for six months. Yes, they were a loving family.

A couple of months later, Brodie was shot during a fight on the street by George Floyd, a printer. The wound was not serious. Brodie was in a down spiral and needed to find a new way to get fame.

The Brooklyn Bridge

After fourteen years of construction, The Brooklyn Bridge was completed in 1883. Brodie had witnessed the construction for years. An idea came to him how he could use the bridge to bring back his fame and fortune.

Robert Emmet Odlum (1851-1885) was a swimming instructor and daredevil. He announced that he would make a leap off the Brooklyn Bridge. On the given day, the police tried to stop Odlum’s stunt, but he managed to get across the bridge in secret, and made his leap into the East River, 135 feet below. He hit the water awkwardly and came up bleeding internally with critical injuries. He was hauled into a boat but quickly died.

A few months later in 1886, Brodie got the idea that he could successfully make the jump. Huge wagers were made, and he put together his plans. “For two weeks he had the big bridge in his head and planned to make the jump even if it would cost him his life.” He first practiced jumping off High Bridge into the Harlem River. He even informed sports editors of his intentions.

On the big day, July 23, 1886, Brodie first met with reporters to let them take pictures and ask questions. He then went with friends in a wagon to the bridge. When the wagon had gone past the large granite bridge tower, it said that he slipped of his jacket, flung it in the face of his companions, and leapt into the roadway. “Climbing hand over hand down the outside iron railing like a monkey, he clambered down to the bottom of the iron structure. Then he reached down and took hold of one of the truss cables under the bridge. He swung by both hands free in the air. The boat containing his friends was in the middle of the river. A shriek went up from somebody on the dock below. Then Brodie let go.”

He fell for three seconds feet first and disappeared into the water in a fountain of spray. The boat arrived as Brodie appeared on the surface. “He made a feeble signal for assistance and then began to swim toward the boat. He was taken ashore in a boat, drank two glasses of whisky, offered to dance a hornpipe, and threatened to thrash a policeman. He was locked up in the Oak Street station, arraigned in a police court while very drunk, and sent to a cell for the night.” He was charged with attempted suicide and held for a physical and psychiatric examination. Curiously, there were no significant bruises on his body, only a scrape from being brought into the boat. He boasted that he could jump off anything on the earth.

Was the Leap a Hoax?

Was this reported story the truth? Brodie had a previous history of lies and deception. The newspapers mostly believed the story and made Brodie the most famous person in America that year. Some skeptics claimed that Brodie had a friend toss a dummy off the bridge while he hid under a nearby pier, then swam out when the rescue boat approached. In David McCullough’s book about the famed Brooklyn Bridge, he expressed the belief that the jump was a hoax.

It was said of Brodie, “Ever since he laid down his tights in Madison Square Garden and listened to the waves of applause washing against the four walls, Brodie has been famishing for notoriety. His principal occupation consisted of lounging about the street.” He traveled around various cities for a time doing stunts and telling his story in dime museums until those opportunities dried up.

In 1887, he opened a saloon in New York City’s Bowery district, with a museum about his jump. He was no longer the newsboy. He was now Steve Brodie Bridge Jumper. “Hanging above the bar was a massive oil painting showing Brodie making his famous jump from the Brooklyn Bridge into the waters of the East River. Next to it hung a paper signed by a boat captain swearing that he was the one who dragged Brodie from the river after he defied death.”

In 1889, Brodie claimed that he had gone over Niagara Falls in a rubber suit. He produced a 1,500-word version of his story that was printed by the New York Sun. But reporters finally became skeptical and realized that only three New York men were the ones who claimed to see him go over the Falls. They were Brodie’s handpicked witnesses. It was written, “This faking business has ceased to be even amusing.” People who were on the “Maid of Mist” gave a different story seeing men hiding in the bushes, faking the entire thing, putting a man into a wagon in a blanket.

Finally, the Buffalo Evening News pointed out that the entire detailed story came from Ernest Justin Jarrold (1848-1912), who had a reputation of reporting outlandish stories to sell newspapers.

In the past newspapers had printed stories that came directly from Brodie, and assumed the daring accomplishments were true. “His story has been corroborated again and again by his own hired men, who were with him in the dark and misty hours of the morning. He has never in any of his wonderful alleged performances timed his feats so that newspaper reporters could be present.”

Dennis F. Butler (1856-1913), one of the best swimmers in America called Brodie a faker. “I’ll take his hand and we’ll jump into the Niagara River and go over the Falls together. I know I couldn’t come out alive, but I’d stand ten times as much show as he would.” Later in 1890, it was reported that Brodie admitted to throwing a large dummy over the Falls and later news stories referred to the entire event as a fraud.

Brodie next went on stage as a star and played throughout the country for many years in a melodrama, “On the Bowery” purported to depict scenes from his life. He cleaned up his reputation by giving generously to charities and became “an instrument of philanthropy to the unfortunates in the slums of New York.” He stayed in legal troubles, faced with lawsuits related to outstanding debts from this theater tours.

In 1900, he sold his famed saloon and museum in the Bowery and moved to Buffalo, New York when he opened a saloon/concert hall there, building on his Niagara Falls fame. He was a huge celebrity and was mentioned in the news nearly daily. His family life had been a mess. He divorced, remarried, and his son Steve Brodie, Jr. left home during his teens after fighting with his father.

In June 1900, Brodie’s health started to seriously fail due to tuberculosis. He sold his Buffalo establishment, went back to the New York Bowery for a time, and then became hospitalized. In November, in desperation, he moved to better weather in San Antonio, Texas, hoping to recover. “He is greatly emaciated and speaks in a whisper, and though he realizes that death is not far off, he is cheerful.” When asked if he had given up jumping off things, his reply, perhaps finally reflected on some of his fraud and the influence his fame caused others to lose their lives jumping off bridges. He said, “Never jump, young man; it don’t pay in the long run. There are other ways of endangering your life without doing it foolishly. Better stick to the ground as long as you can, because when you die, its for an awful long time, and then you are planted hard in old mother earth.”

A New York man who knew him well, wrote as Brodie was dying. “Despite all of Brodie’s bluffs and his put-on slangy talk, he was a pretty smart individual, and had as many fine points about him as a porcupine.”

It was claimed that Brodie accumulated a fortune of $85,000 (valued at $2.9 million today) before his premature death on January 31, 1901, at the age of 39. “The body was taken to Calvary Cemetery for burial. A crowd of 500 or 600 men, women, and children, attracted by curiosity remained in the streets during the services at the house, and many of them followed the funeral cortege to Ninety Second Street Ferry on its way to the cemetery.”

But Brodie’s fame lived on for decades. In 1933, George Raft played Brodie in the film “The Bowery” and a Warners Bros. cartoon in 1949 showed Brodie being driven into jumping off the bridge by Bugs Bunny.

Was Brodie a fraud? He was for sure a brief accomplished ultrarunner, but his fame and fortune drove him to find easier ways to feed his ego and accumulate wealth. Most who have carefully examined his short life full of accomplishments, conclude that the only leap he truly made was during his “On the Bowery” performances, when he had dived off a platform into a mattress. Today a marker stands at 199 Bowery, in New York City, identifying where Brodie’s bar and museum used to be located.

Ultrarunning Stranger Things Series:

Sources for Episodes 115, 116:

Tom Osler and Ed Dodd, Ultra-marathoning: The Next Challenge
P. S. Marshall, King of Peds
Steve Brodie (bridge jumper)
That daredevil Steve Brodie!
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115: Ultrarunning Stranger Things – Part 5: Steve Brodie – New York Newsboy

By Davy Crockett